Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Identifieur interne : 002C05 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002C04; suivant : 002C06Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Auteurs : Martyn T. Smith [États-Unis] ; Kathryn Z. Guyton [France] ; Catherine F. Gibbons [États-Unis] ; Jason M. Fritz [États-Unis] ; Christopher J. Portier [États-Unis] ; Ivan Rusyn [États-Unis] ; David M. Demarini [États-Unis] ; Jane C. Caldwell [États-Unis] ; Robert J. Kavlock [États-Unis] ; Paul F. Lambert [États-Unis] ; Stephen S. Hecht [États-Unis] ; John R. Bucher [États-Unis] ; Bernard W. Stewart [Australie] ; Robert A. Baan [France] ; Vincent J. Cogliano [États-Unis] ; Kurt Straif [France]Source :
- Environmental Health Perspectives [ 0091-6765 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
A recent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) updated the assessments of the > 100 agents classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (IARC Monographs Volume 100, parts A–F). This exercise was complicated by the absence of a broadly accepted, systematic method for evaluating mechanistic data to support conclusions regarding human hazard from exposure to carcinogens.
and Methods: IARC therefore convened two workshops in which an international Working Group of experts identified 10 key characteristics, one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens.
These characteristics provide the basis for an objective approach to identifying and organizing results from pertinent mechanistic studies. The 10 characteristics are the abilities of an agent to 1) act as an electrophile either directly or after metabolic activation; 2) be genotoxic; 3) alter DNA repair or cause genomic instability; 4) induce epigenetic alterations; 5) induce oxidative stress; 6) induce chronic inflammation; 7) be immunosuppressive; 8) modulate receptor-mediated effects; 9) cause immortalization; and 10) alter cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply.
We describe the use of the 10 key characteristics to conduct a systematic literature search focused on relevant end points and construct a graphical representation of the identified mechanistic information. Next, we use benzene and polychlorinated biphenyls as examples to illustrate how this approach may work in practice. The approach described is similar in many respects to those currently being implemented by the U.S. EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System Program and the U.S. National Toxicology Program.
Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, DeMarini DM, Caldwell JC, Kavlock RJ, Lambert P, Hecht SS, Bucher JR, Stewart BW, Baan R, Cogliano VJ, Straif K. 2016. Key characteristics of carcinogens as a basis for organizing data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 124:713–721; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509912
Url:
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509912
PubMed: 26600562
PubMed Central: 4892922
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, États-Unis
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Californie, Caroline du Nord, District de Columbia, Minnesota, Rhône-Alpes, Texas, Wisconsin
- Lyon
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000660
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000659
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000E94
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002D84
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002D84
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 002D84
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 002C05
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 002C05
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis</title><author><name sortKey="Smith, Martyn T" sort="Smith, Martyn T" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Martyn T." last="Smith">Martyn T. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Catherine F" sort="Gibbons, Catherine F" uniqKey="Gibbons C" first="Catherine F." last="Gibbons">Catherine F. Gibbons</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, Jason M" sort="Fritz, Jason M" uniqKey="Fritz J" first="Jason M." last="Fritz">Jason M. Fritz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portier, Christopher J" sort="Portier, Christopher J" uniqKey="Portier C" first="Christopher J." last="Portier">Christopher J. Portier</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Environmental Defense Fund, Washington</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, Ivan" sort="Rusyn, Ivan" uniqKey="Rusyn I" first="Ivan" last="Rusyn">Ivan Rusyn</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demarini, David M" sort="Demarini, David M" uniqKey="Demarini D" first="David M." last="Demarini">David M. Demarini</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jane C" sort="Caldwell, Jane C" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jane C." last="Caldwell">Jane C. Caldwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavlock, Robert J" sort="Kavlock, Robert J" uniqKey="Kavlock R" first="Robert J." last="Kavlock">Robert J. Kavlock</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Paul F" sort="Lambert, Paul F" uniqKey="Lambert P" first="Paul F." last="Lambert">Paul F. Lambert</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hecht, Stephen S" sort="Hecht, Stephen S" uniqKey="Hecht S" first="Stephen S." last="Hecht">Stephen S. Hecht</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bucher, John R" sort="Bucher, John R" uniqKey="Bucher J" first="John R." last="Bucher">John R. Bucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Bernard W" sort="Stewart, Bernard W" uniqKey="Stewart B" first="Bernard W." last="Stewart">Bernard W. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baan, Robert A" sort="Baan, Robert A" uniqKey="Baan R" first="Robert A." last="Baan">Robert A. Baan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cogliano, Vincent J" sort="Cogliano, Vincent J" uniqKey="Cogliano V" first="Vincent J." last="Cogliano">Vincent J. Cogliano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, Kurt" sort="Straif, Kurt" uniqKey="Straif K" first="Kurt" last="Straif">Kurt Straif</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26600562</idno><idno type="pmc">4892922</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892922</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4892922</idno><idno type="doi">10.1289/ehp.1509912</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000660</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000660</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000659</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000659</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000E94</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000E94</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002D84</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002D84</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002D84</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0091-6765:2015:Smith M:key:characteristics:of</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002C05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002C05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002C05</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis</title><author><name sortKey="Smith, Martyn T" sort="Smith, Martyn T" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Martyn T." last="Smith">Martyn T. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Catherine F" sort="Gibbons, Catherine F" uniqKey="Gibbons C" first="Catherine F." last="Gibbons">Catherine F. Gibbons</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, Jason M" sort="Fritz, Jason M" uniqKey="Fritz J" first="Jason M." last="Fritz">Jason M. Fritz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portier, Christopher J" sort="Portier, Christopher J" uniqKey="Portier C" first="Christopher J." last="Portier">Christopher J. Portier</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Environmental Defense Fund, Washington</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, Ivan" sort="Rusyn, Ivan" uniqKey="Rusyn I" first="Ivan" last="Rusyn">Ivan Rusyn</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demarini, David M" sort="Demarini, David M" uniqKey="Demarini D" first="David M." last="Demarini">David M. Demarini</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jane C" sort="Caldwell, Jane C" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jane C." last="Caldwell">Jane C. Caldwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavlock, Robert J" sort="Kavlock, Robert J" uniqKey="Kavlock R" first="Robert J." last="Kavlock">Robert J. Kavlock</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Paul F" sort="Lambert, Paul F" uniqKey="Lambert P" first="Paul F." last="Lambert">Paul F. Lambert</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hecht, Stephen S" sort="Hecht, Stephen S" uniqKey="Hecht S" first="Stephen S." last="Hecht">Stephen S. Hecht</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bucher, John R" sort="Bucher, John R" uniqKey="Bucher J" first="John R." last="Bucher">John R. Bucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Bernard W" sort="Stewart, Bernard W" uniqKey="Stewart B" first="Bernard W." last="Stewart">Bernard W. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baan, Robert A" sort="Baan, Robert A" uniqKey="Baan R" first="Robert A." last="Baan">Robert A. Baan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cogliano, Vincent J" sort="Cogliano, Vincent J" uniqKey="Cogliano V" first="Vincent J." last="Cogliano">Vincent J. Cogliano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, Kurt" sort="Straif, Kurt" uniqKey="Straif K" first="Kurt" last="Straif">Kurt Straif</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-9924</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>A recent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) updated the assessments of the > 100 agents classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (IARC Monographs Volume 100, parts A–F). This exercise was complicated by the absence of a broadly accepted, systematic method for evaluating mechanistic data to support conclusions regarding human hazard from exposure to carcinogens.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>and Methods: IARC therefore convened two workshops in which an international Working Group of experts identified 10 key characteristics, one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion:</title><p>These characteristics provide the basis for an objective approach to identifying and organizing results from pertinent mechanistic studies. The 10 characteristics are the abilities of an agent to 1) act as an electrophile either directly or after metabolic activation; 2) be genotoxic; 3) alter DNA repair or cause genomic instability; 4) induce epigenetic alterations; 5) induce oxidative stress; 6) induce chronic inflammation; 7) be immunosuppressive; 8) modulate receptor-mediated effects; 9) cause immortalization; and 10) alter cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>We describe the use of the 10 key characteristics to conduct a systematic literature search focused on relevant end points and construct a graphical representation of the identified mechanistic information. Next, we use benzene and polychlorinated biphenyls as examples to illustrate how this approach may work in practice. The approach described is similar in many respects to those currently being implemented by the U.S. EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System Program and the U.S. National Toxicology Program.</p></sec><sec><title>Citation:</title><p>Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, DeMarini DM, Caldwell JC, Kavlock RJ, Lambert P, Hecht SS, Bucher JR, Stewart BW, Baan R, Cogliano VJ, Straif K. 2016. Key characteristics of carcinogens as a basis for organizing data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 124:713–721; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509912</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allday, Mj" uniqKey="Allday M">MJ Allday</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arana, Me" uniqKey="Arana M">ME Arana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kunkel, Ta" uniqKey="Kunkel T">TA Kunkel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aranda, A" uniqKey="Aranda A">A Aranda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual, A" uniqKey="Pascual A">A Pascual</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baek, Sh" uniqKey="Baek S">SH Baek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ki" uniqKey="Kim K">KI Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Batal, M" uniqKey="Batal M">M Batal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boudry, I" uniqKey="Boudry I">I Boudry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mouret, S" uniqKey="Mouret S">S Mouret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clery Barraud, C" uniqKey="Clery Barraud C">C Cléry-Barraud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wartelle, J" uniqKey="Wartelle J">J Wartelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berard, I" uniqKey="Berard I">I Bérard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berquist, Br" uniqKey="Berquist B">BR Berquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Dm" uniqKey="Wilson D">DM Wilson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, P" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P">P Bhattacharjee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, M" uniqKey="Banerjee M">M Banerjee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giri, Ak" uniqKey="Giri A">AK Giri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bielas, Jh" uniqKey="Bielas J">JH Bielas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loeb, Kr" uniqKey="Loeb K">KR Loeb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Bp" uniqKey="Rubin B">BP Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="True, Ld" uniqKey="True L">LD True</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loeb, La" uniqKey="Loeb L">LA Loeb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouvard, V" uniqKey="Bouvard V">V Bouvard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baan, R" uniqKey="Baan R">R Baan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, K" uniqKey="Straif K">K Straif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Secretan, B" uniqKey="Secretan B">B Secretan</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissassi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissassi F">F El Ghissassi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Candeias, S" uniqKey="Candeias S">S Candéias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pons, B" uniqKey="Pons B">B Pons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viau, M" uniqKey="Viau M">M Viau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caillat, S" uniqKey="Caillat S">S Caillat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sauvaigo, S" uniqKey="Sauvaigo S">S Sauvaigo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chappell, G" uniqKey="Chappell G">G Chappell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pogribny, Ip" uniqKey="Pogribny I">IP Pogribny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kz" uniqKey="Guyton K">KZ Guyton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, I" uniqKey="Rusyn I">I Rusyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Sh" uniqKey="Chen S">SH Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oyarzabal, Ea" uniqKey="Oyarzabal E">EA Oyarzabal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Js" uniqKey="Hong J">JS Hong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cogliano, Vj" uniqKey="Cogliano V">VJ Cogliano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baan, R" uniqKey="Baan R">R Baan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, K" uniqKey="Straif K">K Straif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauby Secretan, B" uniqKey="Lauby Secretan B">B Lauby-Secretan</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissassi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissassi F">F El Ghissassi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coussens, Lm" uniqKey="Coussens L">LM Coussens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pollard, Jw" uniqKey="Pollard J">JW Pollard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coussens, Lm" uniqKey="Coussens L">LM Coussens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zitvogel, L" uniqKey="Zitvogel L">L Zitvogel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palucka, Ak" uniqKey="Palucka A">AK Palucka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ehrenberg, L" uniqKey="Ehrenberg L">L Ehrenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Figueira, Tr" uniqKey="Figueira T">TR Figueira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barros, Mh" uniqKey="Barros M">MH Barros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Aa" uniqKey="Camargo A">AA Camargo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castilho, Rf" uniqKey="Castilho R">RF Castilho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Jc" uniqKey="Ferreira J">JC Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kowaltowski, Aj" uniqKey="Kowaltowski A">AJ Kowaltowski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Filipic, M" uniqKey="Filipic M">M Filipic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L">L Galluzzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bravo San Pedro, Jm" uniqKey="Bravo San Pedro J">JM Bravo-San Pedro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vitale, I" uniqKey="Vitale I">I Vitale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aaronson, Sa" uniqKey="Aaronson S">SA Aaronson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abrams, Jm" uniqKey="Abrams J">JM Abrams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adam, D" uniqKey="Adam D">D Adam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goodson, Wh" uniqKey="Goodson W">WH Goodson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowe, L" uniqKey="Lowe L">L Lowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Do" uniqKey="Carpenter D">DO Carpenter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbertson, M" uniqKey="Gilbertson M">M Gilbertson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manaf Ali, A" uniqKey="Manaf Ali A">A Manaf Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez De Cerain Salsamendi, A" uniqKey="Lopez De Cerain Salsamendi A">A Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Griner, Em" uniqKey="Griner E">EM Griner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazanietz, Mg" uniqKey="Kazanietz M">MG Kazanietz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grivennikov, Si" uniqKey="Grivennikov S">SI Grivennikov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greten, Fr" uniqKey="Greten F">FR Greten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karin, M" uniqKey="Karin M">M Karin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baan, R" uniqKey="Baan R">R Baan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, K" uniqKey="Straif K">K Straif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Secretan, B" uniqKey="Secretan B">B Secretan</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissassi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissassi F">F El Ghissassi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouvard, V" uniqKey="Bouvard V">V Bouvard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kz" uniqKey="Guyton K">KZ Guyton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kyle, Ad" uniqKey="Kyle A">AD Kyle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aubrecht, J" uniqKey="Aubrecht J">J Aubrecht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cogliano, Vj" uniqKey="Cogliano V">VJ Cogliano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eastmond, Da" uniqKey="Eastmond D">DA Eastmond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, M" uniqKey="Jackson M">M Jackson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kz" uniqKey="Guyton K">KZ Guyton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loomis, D" uniqKey="Loomis D">D Loomis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissassi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissassi F">F El Ghissassi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benbrahim Tallaa, L" uniqKey="Benbrahim Tallaa L">L Benbrahim-Tallaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guha, N" uniqKey="Guha N">N Guha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hanahan, D" uniqKey="Hanahan D">D Hanahan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weinberg, Ra" uniqKey="Weinberg R">RA Weinberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harris, Cc" uniqKey="Harris C">CC Harris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hartge, P" uniqKey="Hartge P">P Hartge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hecht, Ss" uniqKey="Hecht S">SS Hecht</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herceg, Z" uniqKey="Herceg Z">Z Herceg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Mp" uniqKey="Lambert M">MP Lambert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Veldhoven, K" uniqKey="Van Veldhoven K">K van Veldhoven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demetriou, C" uniqKey="Demetriou C">C Demetriou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vineis, P" uniqKey="Vineis P">P Vineis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hu, Z" uniqKey="Hu Z">Z Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Sa" uniqKey="Brooks S">SA Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dormoy, V" uniqKey="Dormoy V">V Dormoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Cw" uniqKey="Hsu C">CW Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Hy" uniqKey="Hsu H">HY Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Lt" uniqKey="Lin L">LT Lin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kadhim, M" uniqKey="Kadhim M">M Kadhim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, S" uniqKey="Salomaa S">S Salomaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, E" uniqKey="Wright E">E Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hildebrandt, G" uniqKey="Hildebrandt G">G Hildebrandt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belyakov, Ov" uniqKey="Belyakov O">OV Belyakov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prise, Km" uniqKey="Prise K">KM Prise</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kayama, Y" uniqKey="Kayama Y">Y Kayama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raaz, U" uniqKey="Raaz U">U Raaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jagger, A" uniqKey="Jagger A">A Jagger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adam, M" uniqKey="Adam M">M Adam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schellinger, In" uniqKey="Schellinger I">IN Schellinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sakamoto, M" uniqKey="Sakamoto M">M Sakamoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klaunig, Je" uniqKey="Klaunig J">JE Klaunig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Z" uniqKey="Wang Z">Z Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pu, X" uniqKey="Pu X">X Pu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, S" uniqKey="Zhou S">S Zhou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kleinstreuer, Nc" uniqKey="Kleinstreuer N">NC Kleinstreuer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dix, Dj" uniqKey="Dix D">DJ Dix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houck, Ka" uniqKey="Houck K">KA Houck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kavlock, Rj" uniqKey="Kavlock R">RJ Kavlock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knudsen, Tb" uniqKey="Knudsen T">TB Knudsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Mt" uniqKey="Martin M">MT Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klingelhutz, Aj" uniqKey="Klingelhutz A">AJ Klingelhutz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koustas, E" uniqKey="Koustas E">E Koustas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, J" uniqKey="Lam J">J Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sutton, P" uniqKey="Sutton P">P Sutton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Pi" uniqKey="Johnson P">PI Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atchley, Ds" uniqKey="Atchley D">DS Atchley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sen, S" uniqKey="Sen S">S Sen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kushman, Me" uniqKey="Kushman M">ME Kushman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Ad" uniqKey="Kraft A">AD Kraft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kz" uniqKey="Guyton K">KZ Guyton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiu, Wa" uniqKey="Chiu W">WA Chiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makris, Sl" uniqKey="Makris S">SL Makris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, I" uniqKey="Rusyn I">I Rusyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lauby Secretan, B" uniqKey="Lauby Secretan B">B Lauby-Secretan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loomis, D" uniqKey="Loomis D">D Loomis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissassi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissassi F">F El Ghissassi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouvard, V" uniqKey="Bouvard V">V Bouvard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benbrahim Tallaa, L" uniqKey="Benbrahim Tallaa L">L Benbrahim-Tallaa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loomis, D" uniqKey="Loomis D">D Loomis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guyton, K" uniqKey="Guyton K">K Guyton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grosse, Y" uniqKey="Grosse Y">Y Grosse</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Ghissasi, F" uniqKey="El Ghissasi F">F El Ghissasi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouvard, V" uniqKey="Bouvard V">V Bouvard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benbrahim Tallaa, L" uniqKey="Benbrahim Tallaa L">L Benbrahim-Tallaa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Luch, A" uniqKey="Luch A">A Luch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frey, Fc" uniqKey="Frey F">FC Frey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meier, R" uniqKey="Meier R">R Meier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fei, J" uniqKey="Fei J">J Fei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naegeli, H" uniqKey="Naegeli H">H Naegeli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ma, Q" uniqKey="Ma Q">Q Ma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mchale, Cm" uniqKey="Mchale C">CM McHale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ja" uniqKey="Miller J">JA Miller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Multhoff, G" uniqKey="Multhoff G">G Multhoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Radons, J" uniqKey="Radons J">J Radons</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Rien, Pj" uniqKey="O Rien P">PJ O’Brien</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pogribny, Ip" uniqKey="Pogribny I">IP Pogribny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, I" uniqKey="Rusyn I">I Rusyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pollard, Jw" uniqKey="Pollard J">JW Pollard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Preston, Bd" uniqKey="Preston B">BD Preston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albertson, Tm" uniqKey="Albertson T">TM Albertson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herr, Aj" uniqKey="Herr A">AJ Herr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rafferty, P" uniqKey="Rafferty P">P Rafferty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Egenolf, D" uniqKey="Egenolf D">D Egenolf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brosnan, K" uniqKey="Brosnan K">K Brosnan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makropoulos, D" uniqKey="Makropoulos D">D Makropoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, J" uniqKey="Jordan J">J Jordan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meshaw, K" uniqKey="Meshaw K">K Meshaw</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rajendran, Jg" uniqKey="Rajendran J">JG Rajendran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mankoff, Da" uniqKey="Mankoff D">DA Mankoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Ullivan, F" uniqKey="O Ullivan F">F O’Sullivan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, Lm" uniqKey="Peterson L">LM Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Dl" uniqKey="Schwartz D">DL Schwartz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrad, Eu" uniqKey="Conrad E">EU Conrad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rooney, Aa" uniqKey="Rooney A">AA Rooney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boyles, Al" uniqKey="Boyles A">AL Boyles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, Ms" uniqKey="Wolfe M">MS Wolfe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bucher, Jr" uniqKey="Bucher J">JR Bucher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thayer, Ka" uniqKey="Thayer K">KA Thayer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rushmore, Th" uniqKey="Rushmore T">TH Rushmore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, An" uniqKey="Kong A">AN Kong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, I" uniqKey="Rusyn I">I Rusyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asakura, S" uniqKey="Asakura S">S Asakura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kosyk, O" uniqKey="Kosyk O">O Kosyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koc, H" uniqKey="Koc H">H Koc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, J" uniqKey="Nakamura J">J Nakamura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryter, Sw" uniqKey="Ryter S">SW Ryter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mizumura, K" uniqKey="Mizumura K">K Mizumura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Am" uniqKey="Choi A">AM Choi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saha, A" uniqKey="Saha A">A Saha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaul, R" uniqKey="Kaul R">R Kaul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murakami, M" uniqKey="Murakami M">M Murakami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Es" uniqKey="Robertson E">ES Robertson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salnikow, K" uniqKey="Salnikow K">K Salnikow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhitkovich, A" uniqKey="Zhitkovich A">A Zhitkovich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slaga, Tj" uniqKey="Slaga T">TJ Slaga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Sm" uniqKey="Fischer S">SM Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weeks, Ce" uniqKey="Weeks C">CE Weeks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klein Szanto, Aj" uniqKey="Klein Szanto A">AJ Klein-Szanto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skibola, Cf" uniqKey="Skibola C">CF Skibola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allan, Jm" uniqKey="Allan J">JM Allan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Gj" uniqKey="Morgan G">GJ Morgan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suman, S" uniqKey="Suman S">S Suman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, Pk" uniqKey="Sharma P">PK Sharma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rai, G" uniqKey="Rai G">G Rai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, S" uniqKey="Mishra S">S Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, D" uniqKey="Arora D">D Arora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, P" uniqKey="Gupta P">P Gupta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Rs" uniqKey="Thomas R">RS Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Philbert, Ma" uniqKey="Philbert M">MA Philbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auerbach, Ss" uniqKey="Auerbach S">SS Auerbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wetmore, Ba" uniqKey="Wetmore B">BA Wetmore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devito, Mj" uniqKey="Devito M">MJ Devito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cote, I" uniqKey="Cote I">I Cote</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trinchieri, G" uniqKey="Trinchieri G">G Trinchieri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallace, Bd" uniqKey="Wallace B">BD Wallace</name></author><author><name sortKey="Redinbo, Mr" uniqKey="Redinbo M">MR Redinbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Westcott, Pmk" uniqKey="Westcott P">PMK Westcott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halliwill, Kd" uniqKey="Halliwill K">KD Halliwill</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, Md" uniqKey="To M">MD To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, M" uniqKey="Rashid M">M Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rust, Ag" uniqKey="Rust A">AG Rust</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keane, Tm" uniqKey="Keane T">TM Keane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yugawa, T" uniqKey="Yugawa T">T Yugawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiyono, T" uniqKey="Kiyono T">T Kiyono</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Californie</li><li>Caroline du Nord</li><li>District de Columbia</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Texas</li><li>Wisconsin</li></region><settlement><li>Lyon</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Smith, Martyn T" sort="Smith, Martyn T" uniqKey="Smith M" first="Martyn T." last="Smith">Martyn T. Smith</name></region><name sortKey="Bucher, John R" sort="Bucher, John R" uniqKey="Bucher J" first="John R." last="Bucher">John R. Bucher</name><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jane C" sort="Caldwell, Jane C" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jane C." last="Caldwell">Jane C. Caldwell</name><name sortKey="Cogliano, Vincent J" sort="Cogliano, Vincent J" uniqKey="Cogliano V" first="Vincent J." last="Cogliano">Vincent J. Cogliano</name><name sortKey="Demarini, David M" sort="Demarini, David M" uniqKey="Demarini D" first="David M." last="Demarini">David M. Demarini</name><name sortKey="Fritz, Jason M" sort="Fritz, Jason M" uniqKey="Fritz J" first="Jason M." last="Fritz">Jason M. Fritz</name><name sortKey="Gibbons, Catherine F" sort="Gibbons, Catherine F" uniqKey="Gibbons C" first="Catherine F." last="Gibbons">Catherine F. Gibbons</name><name sortKey="Hecht, Stephen S" sort="Hecht, Stephen S" uniqKey="Hecht S" first="Stephen S." last="Hecht">Stephen S. Hecht</name><name sortKey="Kavlock, Robert J" sort="Kavlock, Robert J" uniqKey="Kavlock R" first="Robert J." last="Kavlock">Robert J. Kavlock</name><name sortKey="Lambert, Paul F" sort="Lambert, Paul F" uniqKey="Lambert P" first="Paul F." last="Lambert">Paul F. Lambert</name><name sortKey="Portier, Christopher J" sort="Portier, Christopher J" uniqKey="Portier C" first="Christopher J." last="Portier">Christopher J. Portier</name><name sortKey="Rusyn, Ivan" sort="Rusyn, Ivan" uniqKey="Rusyn I" first="Ivan" last="Rusyn">Ivan Rusyn</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name></region><name sortKey="Baan, Robert A" sort="Baan, Robert A" uniqKey="Baan R" first="Robert A." last="Baan">Robert A. Baan</name><name sortKey="Straif, Kurt" sort="Straif, Kurt" uniqKey="Straif K" first="Kurt" last="Straif">Kurt Straif</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Stewart, Bernard W" sort="Stewart, Bernard W" uniqKey="Stewart B" first="Bernard W." last="Stewart">Bernard W. Stewart</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002C05 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 002C05 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4892922
|texte= Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26600562" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |